How would you describe a structure that is farther away from the midline?

The term that describes a structure farther away from the midline is "lateral." In anatomical terminology, "lateral" refers to the direction away from the body's midline. For example, the arms are lateral to the chest, as they lie farther from the center of the body. This term is commonly used to distinguish positions in relation to an imagined line that divides the body into equal left and right halves.

The other terms serve different purposes: "medial" refers to structures closer to the midline, while "proximal" indicates a position closer to a point of attachment or origin, often used in the context of limbs. "Inferior" describes a position lower than another structure. Thus, "lateral" is the correct choice for indicating a position away from the midline.